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While Kazakhstan has a rapidly growing economy, farmers and pastoralists outside of the main urban centers face significant climate change risks to their livelihoods stemming from increased aridity. A combination of rising temperatures, declining average rainfall, and regional deglaciation threaten to cause:
- Increased drought risk in rainfed farmlands
- Increased salinization risk in irrigated farmlands
- Increased erosion risks in both farmlands and rangelands
- Declining rangeland water resources, leading to overstocking and erosion around remaining water resources
- Decreased habitat for native fauna
CBA in Kazakhstan will work with communities to integrate climate change concerns into sustainable rangeland and agricultural management practices, and work with local water managers to integrate climate change concerns into irrigation regimes for climate-resilient and sustainable agriculture.
Activities will be guided by the Kazakhstan CBA Country Programme Strategy.
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|  | Cotton fields in Southern Kazakhstan. Water withdrawals for cotton production in the region have contributed to the severe shrinkage of the Aral Sea. Efforts to restore the remnant of the Aral, currently underway, will be stressed by the increasing aridity that the region is expected to face from climate change.
| Cotton fields in southern Kazakhstan.
| Irrigation systems in disrepair in Southern Kazakhstan. In many areas in Kazakhstan, the end of the Soviet Union has led farmers to abandon collective irrigation systems, and has decreased water use efficiency. Climate change is projected to increase aridity, and salinization risks in Southern Kazakhstan. |  |  |  | Overgrazing is a problem in large areas of Kazakhstan, and climate change pressures may make rangeland soils and ecosystems decreasingly resilient to these pressures.
| Traditional falconers in Southern Kazakhstan.
| Building a barrier against shifting sands in eastern Kazakhstan. | 
|  |  | Anomalously dry years may become increasingly common.
| Pastoralism is an important economic activity from many in Kazakhstan.
| Pastoralism is an important economic activity from many in Kazakhstan. | | | | Tree planting activities.
| Aftermath of a steppe fire in Kazakhstan.
| Women making cheese. | | | | Cattle grazing near Lepsy Village. Baseline problems with overgrazing and land degradation will likely be exacerbated by climate change impacts.
| Lepsy Village is reliant on livestock production, yet climate change will make pastures increasingly fragile.
| Broken down irrigation infrastructure in Sadu Shakirov Village, Kazakhstan. A CBA project under preparation is planning on rehabilitating the local system of canals, in order to enable cold-season irrigation as a means of sustainably managing water and pastures in the face of climate change.
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